دانلود رایگان مقاله تاثیرات اجتماعی، نهادی و سازمانی CSR

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are increasingly focusing on emerging markets as the source of future grown and profits. At the same time, the emergence of multinational enterprise from developing countries (DCMNEs) has occupied considerable attention in both academic and managerial circles. Companies like Embraer of Brazil, Tata of India, and Haier of China have undergone rapid global expansion and are challenging large developed country MNEs. Haier, for example, is now the largest appliance manufacturer in the world. In the realm of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability, little is known about the perspectives, policies, and programs of these firms. Although scholars and practitioners have begun to explore some of the unique features of these developing country MNEs in terms of their somewhat distinct ownership, governance, and management structures, and other scholars have studied and documented the global CSR and sustainability profiles of developed country MNEs (heretofore MNEs), little attention has been directed to how DCMNEs approach CSR and sustainability.

CONCLUSION

CSR and sustainability are global trends that have begun to penetrate into emerging markets. Both developed and developing country multinationals engage in CSR, albeit to different degrees and with different motivations and manifestations. Institutional, societal, and organizational characteristics all play a role as to whether and how CSR and sustainability is exhibited in emerging markets and byDCMNEs. Future research should examine the extent to which cultural factors play a role in the development of other DCMNEs from other parts of the world, particularly from societies that may have some similarities in terms of concepts like paternalistic leadership and cultural expectations about the role business leaders play in society as a whole. We recommend that future studies empirically examine our assertion that a match or ‘‘fit’’ culture and leadership around CSR activities actually motivatesleadersto engage in CSR activities in both MNEs and DCMNEs. Our sense is that a range of strategic and cultural factors plays into firms’ decisions about involvement in CSR and sustainabilityrelated activities. Ultimately, the common notion that the most developed countries are likely to produce the most CSR and sustainability-oriented organizations is likely overly simplistic.