دانلود رایگان مقاله مقام PhD در صنعت اسپانیایی: عوامل تعیین کننده شغلی در تولید در مقابل شرکت های غیر تولیدی

abstract

Recent studies undertaking an analysis of PhD careers have noted that academia remains the first choice employment sector; nevertheless, they also reveal an excess of PhD holders for the academic sector and show that industry is increasing as an important employment source for these human resources. In this study, the factors that shape a PhD's decision to pursue a career in the private sector are analyzed. The results reveal influences of not only academic factors but also personal characteristics and job requirements. This study also analyzes whether PhDs within the private sector show different career patterns. The results confirm the existence of a different profile in the case of PhDs working for manufacturing firms. Differences were detected with respect to knowledge areas, the type of research undertaken during PhD training, the sources of received grants and the minimum level of study required to perform the job. As a result, the private sector should not be considered a homogeneous work place for doctorate holders.

6. Conclusions

This study has analyzed the factors conditioning PhD careers in the private sector in general and in the manufacturing sector in particular. The statistical analysis was carried out on a sample of Spanish PhD holders who are currently facing important changes in their labor market. Traditionally, Spanish PhD holders have been employed in the public sector, but the economic crisis has now forced them into the private sector. The excessive accumulation of PhDs in the Spanish public sector (80% of PhDs surveyed were employed in this sector) contrasts with the low PhD employment rate in the private sector. This has become a serious problem for Spanish firm competitiveness because scientific knowledge is not being transferred intensively to industry through science and technology human resources. A descriptive analysis of PhD employment in the manufacturing sector revealed that, although Spanish PhDs maintain a substantial role in the chemistry industry (which employed 61% of all of the surveyed PhDs), they were not generally important across a broad segment of the manufacturing sector. In addition, PhDs in computer science and mathematics, two areas that are considered especially relevant for the industry's future, represented less than 1% of the PhDs working in manufacturing firms. In this context, it remains important to understand the complex scientist mobility process to firms.