Abstract

Chronic inflammation of the myelin sheath is the crucial event behind the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Bacoside-A is one of the major constituents obtained from Bacopa monerii (L.) Wettst., and possess neuroprotective as well as anti-inflammatory actions. The current study explores the effect of Bacoside-A in acute and chronic models of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). The results indicate that the Bacoside-A treated mice produced a significant reduction in disease score compared to disease control in both models. The treatment with Bacoside-A downregulated the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17a, and TNFα) and inflammatory chemokine CCL-5 in EAE mice. On the other hand, Bacoside-A treated mice showed a nonsignificant effect on promoting the expressions of NCAM, BDNF1, and FOXP3 in acute and chronic models of EAE. Histopathological analysis revealed that the Bacoside-A treated mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg exhibited a significant reduction in cellular infiltrations, cellular changes, and demyelination in cerebral tissues, but unable to protect at a higher dose in both models. In conclusion, Bacoside-A can able to inhibit the progression of EAE may be by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine evolved during active EAE.

1. Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized as chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), lead to demyelination, axonal damage and neuronal apoptosis. Epidemiological studies suggest that autoimmunity have a crucial role in the pathology of MS. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) is one of the preclinical models of MS, helps to understand the autoimmune progression of this neurodegenerative disorder. The critical difference is that MS is mediated through the activation of Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 8 + T (Tlymphocyte) cells [1] while EAE progress via the triggering of CD4 + T cell [2]. However, EAE helps to explore the molecular mechanism of disease progression in humans and fosters the drug discovery process for MS therapy.

5. Conclusion

In conclusion, Bacoside-A inhibited the progression of EAE through the attenuation of CCL-5 and inflammatory cytokines, which limited demyelination, neuronal degeneration, and reduction of clinical progression EAE in mice. Further molecular explorations are required to elucidate the mechanism behind the inhibition of it in T cell activation during autoimmune processes.