دانلود رایگان مقاله انعقاد گلبول قرمز ناشی از درمان پلاسما در دمای پایین

abstract

Low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment promotes blood clot formation by stimulation of the both platelet aggregation and coagulation factors. However, the appearance of a membrane-like structure in clots after the treatment is controversial. Based on our previous report that demonstrated characteristics of the form of coagulation of serum proteins induced by LTP treatment, we sought to determine whether treatment with two plasma instruments, namely BPC-HP1 and PN-110/120TPG, formed clots only from red blood cells (RBCs). LTP treatment with each device formed clots from whole blood, whereas LTP treatment with BPC-HP1 formed clots in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 2
109 /mL RBCs. Light microscopic analysis results showed that hemolysis formed clots consisting of materials with membrane-like structures from both whole blood and PBS-suspended RBCs. Moreover, electron microscopic analysis results showed a monotonous material with high electron density in the formed clots, presenting a membrane-like structure. Hemolysis disappeared with the decrease in the current through the targets contacting with the plasma flare and clot formation ceased. Taken together, our results and those of earlier studies present two types of blood clot formation, namely presence or absence of hemolysis capability depending on the current through the targets.

4. Conclusion

The appearance of membrane-like structures in clots induced by LTP treatment was first reported by us, where we pointed out that erythrocytes might be a source for the formation of the membranelike structure via hemolysis [11]. Whereas the aggregation of platelets and the activation of coagulation factors had been considered as main effects of plasma treatment in earlier studies [12e14], in this study, we demonstrated that the blood clot formation process in LTP treatment with BPC-HP1 differed from the natural blood clot formation process. Indeed, the alternate pathway has characteristic findings such as hemolysis and the appearance of a membrane-like structure derived from RBCs. Moreover, we demonstrated that the efficacy of hemolysis is correlated with the current through the targets contacting with the plasma flare on LTP treatment using BPC-HP1 (Fig. 6). The measurement of current through the targets in contact with the plasma flare is feasible for accuracy control of whole blood and RBC clot formation. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of hemolysis and hemoglobin coagulation by evaluating for the associated plasma parameters.