ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Design of civil engineering structures is typically based on prescriptive methods of building codes. Normally, loads on these structures are low and result in elastic structural behavior. However, under a strong seismic event, a structure may actually be subjected to forces beyond its elastic limit. Although building codes can provide reliable indication of actual performance of individual structural elements, it is out of their scope to describe the expected performance of a designed structure as a whole, under large forces. Several industries such as automotive and aviation, routinely build full-scale prototypes and perform extensive testing, before manufacturing thousands of identical structures, that have been analyzed and designed with consideration of test results. Unfortunately, this option is not available to building industry as due to the uniqueness of typical individual buildings, economy of large-scale production is unachievable.