ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Public spending is widely seen as having an important role in supporting economic growth. On one hand a lower level of spending implies that fewer revenues are needed to achieve balanced budgets, which means that lower taxes can be levied, therefore contributing to stimulate growth and employment1 . On the other hand, while higher level of public spending is often associated with higher growth rates2 , higher government size (measured as GDP's share of government spending) is associated to lower growth rates3 . Public spending and revenue are also key variables that influence the sustainability of public finances via effects on fiscal balances and government debt, and this is relevant for the success of common monetary areas such as the European Monetary Union. Additionally, in the European Union, the so-called Lisbon Agenda also assigned a relevant role to the reform of public finance in order to foster economic growth. For those reasons, a firm control and, where appropriate, reduction of public expenditure is important and a balance has to be drawn between running down public debt, cutting taxes and financing public investment in key areas.