دانلود رایگان مقاله حسابداری یک مدل انتخابی در محل کار برای رقابت فضایی و اثرات برانباشتگی

abstract

This paper develops a new model of workplace choice for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (SGMA) and describes the way in which this model is integrated into a general modelling framework of MetroScan, an improved version of the Transportation and Environment Strategy Impact Simulator Transportation (TRESIS). The developed model accounts for spatial competition of alternative workplaces via accessibility variables measured to attractions of both the same and different types. The new model also has two new refinements. First, a much finer geographical level is used for modelling worker's choice of workplace given the location of firms and the distribution of jobs. Second, an employment agglomeration effect is incorporated by the inclusion of jobs in the industry class relevant to the worker and two accessibility measures. Modelling analysis on data collected from a survey conducted in Sydney in 2013 identifies highly significant spatial competition and employment agglomeration effects explaining workplace choice. The application of this model to analyse policy relating to the redistribution or growth of jobs within a general framework of MetroScan is discussed.

6. Conclusions and discussion

A major task involved in setting up a strategic travel demand model such as MetroScan relates to data collection and imputation. This is particularly true when it comes to linking discrete choice models that are estimated on separate datasets and linked together using the concept of maximum expected utility measure. This paper has presented a disaggregated application of discrete choice models to simulate workplace location choices conditioned on residential location choices while informing (or conditioning) the choices of mode and time of day for commuting. Modelling of workplace choices in this way overcomes the challenge of choice set explosion in size due to multidimensional choices (i.e., residence, workplace and commuting mode) being considered but it requires these models to be linked. The paper has shown how the collection of common variables and external data has been used in linking these models and obtaining model parameters that are behaviourally meaningful and intuitively appealing. With respect to the drivers of work location choice, the model detects the presence of both agglomeration and spatial completion forces, with the latter effect being stronger than the former effect. This highlights the importance of using separate accessibility measures if both agglomeration and spatial competition effects are to be captured for a particular planning scenario. Competing destinations models, however, may still be satisfactory if the net effect is of interest.