دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تعهد کاری یا فرسودگی شغلی: یک فراتحلیل از شواهد طولی - الزویر 2017

ABSTRACT

Currently, burnout (BU) and work engagement (WE) and are considered different forms of workplace well-being, negatively related that might even co-occur, or as direct opposites and mutually exclusive. These contrasting views generate difficulties regarding the true nature of the relationship between the two concepts. In the present paper, we aim at clarifying this issue by testing the cross-lagged effects between BU and WE. We conducted systematic database searches using keywords relevant for WE, BU and design type (e.g., longitudinal), and we found 25 eligible research studies (Ntotal = 13271 participants). The selected papers a) reported a longitudinal research study; b) included measures of BU and WE, and c) reported the correlation matrix between BU and WE at all measurement moments. First, we used meta-analytical formulas to compute the averaged correlations between BU and WE. Second, we used the averaged effects to complete a correlation matrix, which was used to test the cross-lagged effects between BU and WE, using structural equations modeling. On the entire sample of studies, we found insignificant cross-lagged effects between BU and WE. However, when the time-lag between the two measurement moments was used as a moderator, significant reciprocal cross-lagged effects were found between exhaustion and WE, at 12-month time lag. Notably, it appears that the validity of causal perspective depends on the size of the time lag.

5.2. Conclusions

Our study provides an important insight on the longitudinal relationship between burnout and work engagement. Even if some methodological limitations exist, particularly related to the limited number of longitudinal studies reporting results about the relationship between the two forms of well-being, this meta-analytical perspective sheds light on two important issues in the literature: the distinctiveness of BU and WE and the relevant time lag (1 year) that shape the relationship between them. The present results argue in favor of conceptual and measurement distinctiveness of BU and WE, for using separate scales of burnout (with inefficacy instead of personal accomplishment) or core burnout, and for using rather longer time lags when focusing on the relationship between well-being forms.