دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی روابط بین استفاده اعتیاد آور از رسانه های اجتماعی، خودشیفتگی و اعتماد به نفس - الزویر 2017

abstract

Social media has become an increasingly popular leisure activity over the last decade. Although most people's social media use is non-problematic, a small number of users appear to engage in social media excessively and/or compulsively. The main objective of this study was to examine the associations between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem. A cross-sectional convenient sample of 23,532 Norwegians (Mage = 35.8 years; range = 16–88 years) completed an open web-based survey including the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results demonstrated that lower age, being a woman, not being in a relationship, being a student, lower education, lower income, lower self-esteem, and narcissism were associated with higher scores on the BSMAS, explaining a total of 17.5% of the variance. Although most effect sizes were relatively modest, the findings supported the notion of addictive social media use reflecting a need to feed the ego (i.e., narcissistic personality traits) and an attempt to inhibit a negative self-evaluation (i.e., self-esteem). The results were also consistent with demographic predictions and associations taken from central theories concerning “addiction”, indicating that women may tend to develop more addictive use of activities involving social interaction than men. However, the cross-sectional study design makes inferences about directionality impossible.

4.5. Conclusions

Overall, the present study suggests that basic demographic variables (primarily age and sex), narcissism, and self-esteem are all associated with addictive use of social media. Addictive social media use was related to lower age, being a woman, not being in a relationship, lower education, being a student, lower income, having narcissistic traits, and negative self-esteem. Conjointly, these variables had a moderate effect on addictive use of social media, while their relative importance was small overall. After controlling for all other variables in the equation, low self-esteem had the strongest effect on addictive social media use, followed by being a woman, narcissism, and lower age. Although using social media is a normal and widespread modern behavior, individuals with some of these characteristics could be targets for interventions with the aim of preventing addictive and destructive online participation. More research, preferably using representative and clinical samples, on these poorly studied relationships is warranted.