دانلود رایگان مقاله تغییر شخصیت از طریق کار: یک مدل کنترل تقاضای شغلی تغییرات شخصیتی پنج گانه

abstract

Based on the job demand-control model and Gray’s biopsychological theory of personality, the author proposed a model to suggest that time demand and job control can drive changes in big-five personality traits, especially neuroticism and extroversion, by shaping an individual’s stress experiences at work. Five waves of data from 1,814 employees over a five-year period from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey were analyzed. Time demand, job control and job stress were measured in all five waves, and big-five personality was assessed in the first and last waves. The results showed that job demands and job control shaped job stress positively and negatively at a given time; and over time, an increase in job demands predicted an increase in job stress, which subsequently predicted an increase in neuroticism and a decrease in extroversion and conscientiousness. Results also showed that an increase in job control predicted an increase in agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness directly, but did not predicted change in neuroticism and extroversion. Finally, the buffering effect of job control on the association between time demand and job stress was only observed in two of five waves and such buffering effect was not observed in a change process. The implications on personality development and work design research are discussed.

Discussion

Supporting the proposed bottom-up process of personality change, the results of this study indicated that time demand and job control shape job stress experiences, and over time, an increase in time demand, in particular, leads to an increase in job stress, which, in turn, tends to make employees more neurotic and less extroverted over five years. Although the findings also indicated that a change in job control can predict changes in big-five personality, those changes did not predict changes in neuroticism and extroversion, suggesting that job stress is the key job feature that drives changes in these two personality dimensions, which is consistent with the expectation based on Gray’s biopsychological theory of personality (1981; 1990). Moreover, I found that the buffering effect of job control on the association between time demand and job stress only operated in a concurrent process (i.e., analysis based on of variables in each wave) rather than a change process (i.e., analysis based on of latent slope factors over five waves).