دانلود رایگان مقاله رویکرد ارزیابی مردم محور جهت تشخیص نقص پیاده رو

Abstract

A defective sidewalk inhibits the walkability of a street and may also cause safety accidents (slips, trips, and falls) for pedestrians. When a pedestrian walks along a sidewalk, his/her behaviors may vary according to the condition of the sidewalk—e.g., whether the surface is normal, holed, cracked, tilted, or sloped. As a result, the pedestrian’s stability may also change according to the built environment’s conditions. Accordingly, this paper examines the feasibility of using pedestrians’ physical behaviors to detect defects in a sidewalk. Pedestrians’ physical responses and paths over a sidewalk are collected using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor and a global positioning system (GPS). Then, after aggregating the pedestrians’ bodily responses and locations, the irregularity of multiple pedestrians’ responses are calculated in relation to their locations. The locations that show irregularities in the pedestrian-response patterns present a high correlation with the existence of a defect. The results of this study will help improve the continuous diagnosis of defects in sidewalks, thereby enhancing these built environment systems’ serviceability.

6. Conclusions

Sidewalk quality is a crucial factor impacting the built environment. However, current defective-sidewalk regulations and detection procedures are limited due both to the fact that they do not incorporate interaction in human-physical systems, and to their labor-intensive methodologies. This study investigates the feasibility of harnessing pedestrians’ bodily responses to sidewalks as a means of detecting defects in sidewalks. To test the feasibility of this idea, an experiment with 17 subjects was conducted, and their bodily responses were collected using IMU sensors and GPS devices installed in smartphones. The collected pedestrians’ bodily responses were analyzed in the concept of average and W statistic at a certain location. The results demonstrate that the normality of responses—represented as the W statistic—at a certain location is highly correlated with a defect’s existence. The main contribution of this paper is our finding that the existence of a defect is highly correlated with the abnormality observed in the distribution of collective pedestrians’ bodily responses. In particular, the distribution of pedestrians’ bodily responses to a defective location is irregular in comparison to the distribution of responses to a non-defective portion of sidewalk. Moreover, this study demonstrates the feasibility of participatory sensing based on smartphone use, which can let users easily participate in the process of sidewalk evaluation. If pedestrians’ bodily responses are collected, a particular location can be evaluated based on the suggested method. The suggested method can thus be used to detect defects in sidewalks and will also help establish a proactive approach to managing the quality of sidewalks.