دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تکامل اجزای کابل کشی فیبر نوری در سازمان اروپایی پژوهش‌های هسته‌ای (CERN) - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

CERN optical fibre infrastructure has been growing constantly over the past decade due to ever increasing connectivity demands. The provisioning plan and fibre installation of this vast laboratory is performed by Fibre Optics and Cabling Section at Engineering Department. In this paper we analyze the procurement data for essential fibre cabling components during a five-year interval to extract the existing trends and anticipate future directions. The analysis predicts high contribution of LC connector and an increasing usage of multi-fibre connectors. It is foreseen that single-mode fibres become the main fibre type for mid and long-range installations while air blowing would be the major installation technique. Performance assessment of various connectors shows that the expanded beam ferrule is favored for emerging on-board optical interconnections thanks to its scalable density and stable return-loss.

4. Conclusion

Five year evolution of CERN optical fibre cabling components was studied. The analysis of procured pre-terminated cables shows the increasing share of multi-fibre connectors and multi-fibre cable solutions This pattern is aligned with data centre segment which relays on increasing data rates by providing parallel optical paths. The analysis also shows blowing microduct is the major technique for installing nonterminated fibre cables. Moreover, it is clearly observed that the majority of conventional and microduct fibre cables are of single-mode type which is essential for interconnecting typical distances at CERN. The analysis was extended to the optical performance of various connector types by obtaining the insertion loss and return loss probability distributions. The results show E2000 and LC connectors exhibit an insertion loss around 0.1 dB. Accordingly, they are set as standard CERN connectors in distribution points. In particular, E2000 takes advantage of an extremely low return loss thanks to the angled ferrule design. Multi-fibre connectors, despite exhibiting high return loss variance, have a low average insertion loss of 0.07 dB which is determining for data centers. Finally, the newly introduced expanded beam multifibre connectors showed a very stable return loss and acceptable 0.54 dB average insertion loss when manufactured with anti-reflection coating. Expanded beam connectors have not been widely used at CERN but they seem promising for future ultra-high density connectors.