دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی قارچ های پزشکی در درمان سرطان: اثرات ضد سرطانی و مکانیسم های فرضی در عمل- اشپرینگر 2017

Abstract

Mushrooms have been used for centuries as a source of nourishment and sensory properties. Mushrooms are considered functional foods due to their bioactive compounds and a source of drug and nutraceutical development. More than 50 species present immunological potential that exhibit anticancer activity in vitro or in animal models, and some of them have been investigated in human cancers. Cancer is a major cause of death all over the world, promoting long lasting effects throughout the lifetime of the patient. Mushrooms are a source of ergothioneine, selenium, fiber, and several other vitamins and minerals. They have bioactive compounds used in cancer treatment due to their antitumor and anticarcinogenic effects. They contain β-glucans, β-proteoglycans, lectins, triterpenes, ergosterol, glutamine, and arginine. In the present study, we perform a literature review of studies that analyze positive impacts of mushroom compounds on cancer treatment due to their antitumor and anticarcinogenic effects and possible compatibility with chemotherapy management. The review indicates that a healthy diet with frequent consumption of mushrooms apparently reduces the risk of developing cancer. However, a clearer understanding of how mushrooms’ bioactive principles may affect adjuvant treatments requires further research with long-term double-blind and placebo-controlled studies that evaluate a larger population in clinical trials by each type of cancer. Therefore, more robust statistical results are necessary to verify their efficacy and safety on cancer treatments.

Conclusions

The revised studies have showed that the mushrooms’ active principles possess therapeutic properties that play a key role in alternative oncology treatments, in addition to their nutritional value. Medicinal mushrooms are composed of polysaccharides, protein complexes, β- glucan, and other constituents that are widely studied for application in several diseases such as cancer. Those outstanding constituents present antitumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, and other properties extensively described by studies. This review highlights new approaches and beneficial results from medicinal mushrooms applied to cancer treatment that help thousands of patients to have a better quality of life. These new approaches and results are also emphasized by observational studies that show how a culture of mushroom consumption could prevent cancer.

However, we should not neglect the heterogeneous effects of different mushroom varieties in several species throughout the world that are not included in this review. The latest discoveries of bioactive components with application in human health may give an additional boost for mushroom consumption, improve dietary habits, and draw attention of societies and governments to change their priority from treatment and detection to prevention programs. In conclusion, the results of this review indicate the necessity of further researches with long-term doubleblind and placebo-controlled studies that evaluate a larger population in clinical trials. It is important to verify different reactivity of bioactive principles in each type of cancer to assure the efficacy and safety of medicinal mushrooms with robust statistical results.