دانلود رایگان مقاله تغییرات سازمانی و تحول سیستم نوآوری

abstract

This paper investigates interactions between institutional adaptation and the transformation of science and innovation systems by analysing change and adjustment in post-socialist science academies. Two leading examples are examined: the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). A heuristic framework of institutional change markers is applied to the analysis of nanotechnology research in both countries. We draw on bibliometric sources, interviews and secondary sources. We find that while the two Academies share a common past as the dominant research agents in their respective systems, their current positions and trajectories now differ. The nanotechnology case shows that CAS has adapted to China's modernisation, engaged in central government policy initiatives, and interacted with other research performers. CAS remains central to the Chinese research system, and has rejuvenated and expanded its resource base. RAS, on the contrary, has taken a protectionist stance: it still dominates the Russian research system and has a strong nanotechnology position, enforced by its gatekeeper control over journal publication. Nevertheless, RAS has faced difficulties in internal modernisation, leading to the external imposition of reforms and further role diminishment. The paper offers comparative insights into processes of institutional adaptation and highlights how key institutions can influence system transition.

6. Discussion

Our analysis of growth dynamics, organisational learning, institutional agency, and other markers has shown key differences in the approaches deployed in Russia and China to modernise their science academies in the context of broader changes in national research systems. Both states have moved towards market economies, and new approaches to innovation through the application of science have been emphasised. RAS and CAS have been deeply affected by these new realities. However, as illustrated through our examination in the nanotechnology domain (Table 5), there are striking differences in performance and outcomes from these two public research organisations.