دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی استراتژی درمان گروهی برای حیوانات در تنظیم زولوژیک - الزویر 2018

INTRODUCTION

Providing care for groups of animals is a major part of practicing zoologic medicine. Herd health is key to the mindset of a zoo clinician no matter the species encountered, be it avian or artiodactylid. In addition to the classic examples of group treatment involving chemotherapeutics (discussed in detail later), zoo clinicians also practice herd health by preventing disease from entering the collection. Before traveling to a new institution, most animals undergo a preshipment examination, which serves as a screening tool for common infectious diseases specific to that taxa, and provides a snapshot of that individual’s health. Diagnostics commonly included in a preshipment examination are a complete blood count, serum or plasma biochemistry, imaging, and fecal examination. On arrival to a new institution, most animals undergo a quarantine period, often 30 to 90 days, in addition to another thorough examination. All of these precautionary measures are vital to ensure that infectious disease does not enter an institution, and also provide the opportunity for targeted therapy if needed, before the animal is placed within its new social group. It is highly recommended that all animals that die within a zoologic setting receive a thorough gross necropsy with histopathology to try and determine the cause of death. Then, if an infectious cause is diagnosed, therapy for the remaining group of animals is based on the pathology findings.

SUMMARY

Group treatments are most common in amphibian, avian, and certain mammalian species that may live in a zoologic setting. All taxa have various group treatment strategies that exist with advantages and limitations that should be considered before therapy administration. Preventative measures, such as infectious agent screening and biosecurity, are advantageous to reduce the need for group treatments in response to disease. Medications administered topically on or milled into food, solubilized in drinking water, and mixed into a bath are common routes of administration for groups of animals. Sick or debilitated animals should be treated individually, because group treatments are often only effective against highly susceptible pathogens. Group therapies may be a beneficial strategy when treating animals in a zoologic setting and may be used, provided the risks and benefits are considered, in a variety of species.