ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Flood damage is an important property in the evaluation of flood control and ecosystem upgrading measures in the decision support system for the Red River basin in Vietnam. Therefore, extreme water levels, flood damage and the relations between these variables are considered. It is found that annual, direct flood damage has a typical order of magnitude of 100-1000 million US$ and is highly uncertain. The uncertainty is caused by the lack of damage data, data on costs per unit damage and data on other damage categories, such as indirect damage and intangible damage. As a consequence relations between flood damage and water levels are uncertain as well. Comparison of the flood damage with the gross domestic product in the Red River delta emphasised the high importance of incorporating flood damage in decision support systems. Large floods may cause damages with a magnitude between 20-50 % of the gross domestic product.