دانلود رایگان مقاله آنالیز خاک رس و پوسته پالم کرنل به عنوان ماده سیمانی

Abstract

The treatment of clay through a calcination process at high temperatures have been the usual and a common means of producing clay pozzolan as a supplementary cementitious material. However incorporating waste biomass as a component material in clay is very uncommon. This work analyzed the use of palm kernel shells as a component material in clay and were calcined at a high temperature of 800 °C. The palm kernel shells were used to replace clay at 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. Strength activity index prescribed by ASTM C311 was used to determine the maximum mixture proportion between calcined clay and palm kernel shells. The calcined clay and palm kernel shell mixtures that gave the maximum strength were subjected to an incremental replacement dosage of Portland cement between 10% and 40% by weight. Test results indicated that the maximum strength mixture proportion between clay and palm kernel shells was obtained at 20% replacement of clay. Moreover the maximum value that showed a better strength performance through the incremental replacement by the calcined material was also at 20% Portland cement replacement. The study recommended the use of palm kernel shells to a limit of 20% clay replacement. The is because at higher content of palm kernel shells in clay calcined at a high temperature, more unreactive crystalline phases are formed that inhibit reactivity of pozzolanic active phases. The use of 20 wt.% of palm kernel shells in clay to produce a supplementary cementitious material provides a sustainable means of waste disposal via construction application.

4. Conclusions and recommendations

4.1. Conclusions The following conclusions could be drawn from the study 1. Palm kernel shells calcined at 800
C yielded unreactive crystalline phases that could contribute to less active pozzolanic phases in calcined clay. 2. The optimum content of palm kernel shells in clay that yielded high pozzolanic active phases after calcination was at 20%. This shows that the active pozzolanic phases developed between clay and palm kernel shell mixtures depend on the quantity of palm kernel shells incorporated in the clay. 3. The maximum compressive strength of calcined clay and palm kernel shell mixture used to replace ordinary Portland cement was attained at 20%.