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ABSTRACT

In this study, improving the resilience of residential customers through employing Electric Vehicles (EV) is investigated. This solution is especially effective in case of unavailability of distribution systems for a considerable amount of time. An example of this situation is the aftermath of a hurricane when existing grid infrastructure may be fully or partially disabled. In this paper, specific attention is paid to hybrid electric vehicles, as their gasoline can be used as a sufficient source of energy during such conditions. In order to have a fair comparison, selected models of both hybrid and non-hybrid electric vehicles are considered. Moreover, based on available data from reliable literature, this paper has generated different load profiles for various consumption scenarios to model the severity of conditions and estimate the required energy. Moreover, two seasonal conditions are considered and the load profiles are developed based on characteristic curves of major household appliances, instead of their rated powers. Then, the selected electric vehicles are considered as the main power supply and the available serving time of each electric vehicle is computed. Results show that a typical hybrid electric vehicle can supply power to residential units for a reasonable amount of time during a power outage.

6. Discussion and conclusion

Employing existing infrastructures and facilities can change an expensive solution to a cost-effective and economical one. This paper investigates the feasibility of providing power to residential consumers during power outages to improve the resilience of a distribution system. A cost-effective solution which increases survivability of distribution systems during extended power outages is introduced and validated. With the proposed approach, thousands of consumers without power can conceivably survive during power outages for a reasonable amount of time. Different scenarios in different seasonal conditions were developed and simulated to validate the proposed approach by studying different consumption patterns. Simulation results showed that hybrid vehicles can be the best option in term of providing the most serving time among the studied electric vehicles due to the fact that their gasoline energy can be used and hence they can be utilized as economical emergency power supplies to serve residential consumers during power outages. For example, one of the assessed HEVs could serve a residential customer for more than 7 and 9 days in summer and winter, respectively, in full capacity condition. Although there might be other solutions to the issue of supplying power to residential consumers during outages, the proposed approach is an affordable solution for individual residences to survive a potentially deadly power outage.