دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تجسم شهرهای هوشمندتر آینده: مطالعاتی اصولی - IEEE 2017

Abstract

Smart Cities have become one of the most interesting research topics for governments, businesses and researchers in the last few years. Being a Smart City implies a competitive edge compared to other cities in terms of economic growth, sustainability, human resources and governance. Therefore, more and more governments pursue this future vision and hop onto the Smart City `Bandwagon'. However, the development of Smart City solutions is faced with challenges since there is no clear definition for Smart Cities yet. This paper provides a review on what challenges arise when designing Smart City solutions to provide a complete overview of identified challenges. This paper carries out a systematic literature review of publications between 2008 and 2016 which will be compared with a field study on Smart City initiatives conducted by the municipality of Enschede to develop a requirements framework for these projects. This research is relevant to governments and businesses aiming to create Smart Cities and for researchers, who aim to enhance the concept of Smart Cities. This paper found eight sub-domains within the topic of Smart Cities and these are: Technical Infrastructure, Application Domains, System Integration, Data Processing, Governance & Management, Society & Citizens, Business Domain and Environmental Sustainability. The eight sub-domains are respectively divided in two types: technological and non-technological domains. By firstly identifying the challenges and their solutions within these sub-domains, this paper proposes a requirements framework in combination with a checklist of questions to provide guidance for promoters to conduct future initiatives.

VII. DISCUSSION

During this research, it has come to light that the in-depth study of the attained literature, the classifying among the eight different sub-domains and drafting the requirements framework took more effort than anticipated. The fact that papers often discuss multiple sub-domains with its own unique interconnections based on the purpose of the paper, implied that the papers had to be studied in greater detail to gain more insights into used terms, terminology and overlapping subdomains besides differences in language and writing styles. Furthermore, generalizing the findings of the field study also required more in-depth insights into the identified challenges.

As indicated in Section V, it was adverse differentiating the eight sub-domains based on their primary addressed topic in the papers. A variety of papers discuss multiple subdomains in some degree. So, every paper discussing multiple interconnected sub-domains with paper thin boundaries has been discussed in the different sub-domains. Observed in the papers is the absence of thorough research into the sub-domains of Business Opportunities and Environmental Sustainability. One reason of this could be that these sub-domains are less interesting to study, since Smart Cities attract lots of attention towards the technical aspects besides the straightforward business opportunities and implications of technologies on environmental sustainability. Yet, due to the exclusion criteria narrowing down the scope of searching for literature within the field of computer science, it could be that these sub-domains may be a topic of study in other fields of expertise.