دانلود رایگان مقاله ایجاد تغییر از طریق پروژه های رهبری و تظاهرات: به سمت رویکرد سیاست گذاری ارزش گذاری

abstract

Beyond R&D and competitiveness theories of innovation, various conceptual broadenings have recently been proposed to tackle the complex, multidimensional and multi-level dynamics of innovation at stake in the transformation of the economy and society towards new sustainable development regimes. This paper proposes a reading ofthese conceptual broadenings as a matter of‘valuation’. In line with pragmatic theories of socio-economic value and market construction, it is argued that value creation is not the result or byproduct of innovation. In contrast to traditional regulation and R&D policies, which confine themselves to framing innovation, valuation policies are endogenous triggers of the transformation of a value regime. Value creation is aboutinquiring into new values in society,translating them into social and technological solutions andmaking themvaluable inmarkets.Inthisperspective,pilot anddemonstration (P&D) projects in current transition policies can be interpreted as fundamental inceptions of new values that are not predetermined by innovation but actuated through complex processes of value co-creation in society and markets, and which engage policies as agents of change. By focusing on the purpose behind the sustainability transition rather than the factors that contribute to it, a valuation policy approach offers new insights for future research and policy.

5. Conclusion

In recent years, the concept of transition has increasingly been used to challenge the dominant intellectual and political rationales related to socio-technical change in the economy and society. The concept of transition has usually not been treated as a new conceptual theory of development, but as an analytical and heuristic framework through which to reconsider and broaden conventional innovation theories and policies based on a techno-productive and competiveness approach to socio-economic development. As such, the concept of transition has never been intended to replace the concept of innovation itself in the policy grammars. While the concept of transition can describe the issues and scope of a general change,the concept ofinnovation remains the theoretical and operational framework for identifying the resources, actors, practices and devices that can operate this change. In a nutshell, the use of transition rhetoric and analysis have mainly guided the broadening of traditional STI policies in order to engage with systemic changes in society at large.