دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی مطالعه موردی ارزیابی مشکل بو در چارچوب برنامه ریزی شهری یکپارچه - الزویر 2018

abstract

Odour nuisance poses a serious problem in many urban areas, yet its evaluation and mitigation is often omitted in the urban planning process. By identifying its range and spatio-temporal variations, it could be taken into consideration by planners in urban development strategies and land use decisions. The aim of the study was to present the application of odour evaluation techniques in the improvement of the quality of life in the built environment. The problem of odours is discussed in regard to human health, social aspects and current practices in the management of spatial development. The application possibilities of field olfactometry are demonstrated based on a case study of a municipal landfill which is a major source of odour nuisance for the adjacent areas. The results of odour nuisance measurements were field olfactometry combined with topographical and meteorological data. Using dispersion modelling (non-steady-state Lagrangian Gaussian puff model CALPUFF with dedicated meteorological preprocessor CALMET) it was possible to calculate odour concentrations and to place the measured odour concentrations in a specific spatial context. The obtained results were juxtaposed with local development strategies and discussed in the context of environmental-based planning. We suggest that odour evaluation and dispersion modelling are valid tools in managing the dynamics of urban growth.

4. Conclusions

Odour dispersion modelling based on data obtained using field olfactometry can be a valuable tool in the process of local spatial planning. Field olfactometry is useful for determination of odour quality of air in a quantitative manner. The results obtained using this technique can be used as input variables in odour distribution modelling which provides valuable spatial and temporal data in a form accessible to the urban planners. As demonstrated in the presented case study, the results of sensory analysis may be useful in creating guidelines for spatial strategies of odour nuisance reduction in urban residential areas. When there are no state-level regulations of odour emissions, the issue of odour nuisance's impact can be tackled at the level of local spatial planning when data obtained using analytical techniques is available. Such approach can be further used in other urban contexts in which evaluation of environmental quality is necessary, e.g. in highdensity urban areas or in the re-development of post-industrial sites.

Exposure to malodour should be an important factor in urban areas management and planning due to its detrimental effect on human well-being and quality of life as well as its role in the social creation of space. An interesting aspect for further research may be the implementation of evaluation of other aspects of environmental quality into integrated urban planning. However, environmental quality assessment should not be used merely to facilitate top-down decisions and provide threshold values for regulations. It can also be utilised at the level of local planning to aid the process of collective decision-making. The objective should be to achieve both the best quality of life in a social, economic and ecological dimension and to increase civic participation into environmental problems.