دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی طرح غذایی مصنوعی و اشکال قوانین برای کشاورزان در استراتژی بازاریابی مستقیم - الزویر 2018

1. Introduction

Current agri-food policy and programs highlight the need for a shift in the approach to move towards more sustainable agriculture – socially and environmentally. In this respect, new policies are often based on market-led models that add value to certain distinctive products or practices. In this context, “quality food schemes” (QFSs herein after) emerge – those in which particular products or characteristics from small scale food production are ascribed a certain superiority that allows the producers to obtain premium prices. These schemes take the form of territorial management or economic planning strategies that link quality to the production from certain districts or regions (Marsden and Smith, 2005). These mechanisms have also helped to re-localize the food industry and to create a new paradigm of rural development granting greater autonomy to rural farmers and entrepreneurs (Marsden and Smith, 2005; Murdoch et al., 2009). Generally such QFSs are characterized by direct marketing venues, such as farmers' markets, farm-to-table initiatives, or food basket schemes, by direct connections with the restaurant sector, or by a re-connection between consumers and producers via, for instance, on-site farm visits.

6. Discussion and final remarks

“We keep doing and we don't complain” M.G. (2016) In previous studies of agricultural development in the Baix Llobregat and Garraf districts, researchers examined the impact of urbanization and sprawl on farmland, and the role of urban planning decisions in such equation (Paül and Tonts, 2005; Sempere, 2005; Montasell and Callau i Berenguer, 2008; Paül and McKenzie, 2011; Serra et al., 2017; Callau i Berenguer and Montasell, 2017). From a planning perspective, the creation of the BLAP agrarian park and the QFSs have promoted an “exceptional urban-rural partnership, guaranteeing farming protection and (…) a departure from the usual arrangements” (Paül and McKenzie, 2013: 101). Other authors highlight the possiblity of these mechanisms for advancing food self-provisioning in the region (Callau i Berenguer and Montasell, 2017). However, we argue that these perspectives are somehow optimistic, as we highlight other structural and local dynamics at play in the loss of agricultural land and in the constraints perceived by farmers that have remained unexplored by former studies: the loss of rural livelihoods and prosperity. The agrarian policies and programs at different administrative scales (from the European Common Agricultural Policy to the regional or municipal level) is what makes (certain types of) agriculture more or less profitable and what determines farmers' ability to keep farming and how. Those programs affecting agrarian systems include quality schemes.