ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Work-up and management of thyroid dysfunction in subfertile women
When evaluating women with recurrent miscarriage or subfertility, TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies should be measured. Women with overt hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism should be treated. Additionally, treatment with L-thyroxine should be considered in women of childbearing age with SCH when they are planning a pregnancy (TSH ≥ 10 mIU/L, 1.6 μg/kg/day; TSH < 10 mIU/L, 25–75 μg/day). The management of subfertile women with normal TSH levels is described in the clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults by published by the AACE and ATA [12]. The normal reference range for a third ge
Conclusion
The thyroid hormones are involved in almost all phases of reproduction. Altered thyroid hormone levels are associated with disturbed folliculogenesis, a lower fertilization rate, and lower embryo quality. Therefore, screening for thyroid function and autoimmunity should be performed as part of the work-up of women with subfertility or miscarriage. L-thyroxine should be administered when SCH is present in women of childbearing age if they plan a pregnancy, in order to improve the likelihood of successful pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, women of childbearing age who plan to undergo COH in the immediate future, should be treated with L-thyroxine if they have positive results for serum anti-thyroid antibodies and TSH levels higher than 2.5 mIU/L, because COH places an additional strain on the thyroid gland.