دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ارزش سرمایه انسانی در مدارس کسب و کار در کانادا - امرالد 2017

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate whether an individual’s knowledge, skills and capabilities (human capital) are reflected in their compensation. Design/methodology/approach – Data are drawn from university academics in the Province of Ontario, Canada, earning more than CAD$100,000 per annum. Data on academics human capital are drawn from Research Gate. The authors construct a regression analysis to examine the relationship between human capital and salary. Findings – The analyses performed indicates a positive association between academic human capital and academic salaries. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited in that it measures an academic’s human capital solely through their research outputs as opposed to also considering their teaching outputs. Continuing research needs to be conducted in different country contexts and using negative proxies of human capital. Practical implications – This study will create awareness about the value of human capital and its contribution towards improving organisational structural capital. Social implications – The study contributes to the literature on human capital in accounting and business by focussing on the economic relevance of individual level human capital. Originality/value – The study contributes to the literature on human capital in accounting and business by focussing on the economic relevance of individual level human capital. It will help create awareness of the importance of valuing human capital at the individual level.

Conclusion

Human capital is not a particularly recent phenomenon, having started in the late twentieth century. Although there are many theoretical and empirical articles on cross-country or nationspecific and industry-specific studies, research at the individual level is thus far limited. The present study was aimed at determining if an academic’s knowledge, skills and abilities (human capital) are reflected in his/her salary. Based on prior research, many researchers have theorized a positive relationship between an individual’s human capital and their projected income; more education, work experience and industry-specific skills are compensated for in an individual’s salary and therein lies a premium for one’s human capital. This study sampled 200 academics across the business schools of public universities located in the Province of Ontario. As hypothesised, the results suggested a positive correlation between an academic’s stock of human capital and the individual’s income. Although some measures of human capital (e.g. gender) proved insignificant, the number of citations, the Hirsch index (H-index) and the ResearchGate score (RG score) proved to be highly significant in their positive correlation to income. This is most probably due to the scope of the measure and their effectiveness in measuring human capital. The number of publications and profile views of an academic, though positively correlated, were insignificant in their relationship. In hindsight, the result is best explained by the quality vs quantity debate. The findings clearly show that the quality of an academic’s research output (the academic’s number of citations and H-index) carried more weight that the quantity of research output with regards to their stock of human capital (the academic’s number of publications). This research has practical implications for universities and other industries alike beyond the borders of Canada. In the long term, the contribution of this research may influence employers to more effectively reward employees by linking salaries/income to the individual’s output of human capital (research output). This is to say, provide Inducements coupling income to human capital can help nurture, foster and improve an individual’s human capital stock. The study is more relevant to knowledge-intensive industries, as opposed to performance-based manufacturing and retail industries. Though this may come to fruition in the long term, continuous research will have to be conducted into the value of human capital. First, research will have to be carried out in other countries, and second, research will have to be conducted across different times, especially in a rapidly changing economic environment.