دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی حذف فلزات سنگین و آلوده کننده ارگانیک از آب با استفاده از جاذب پلیمر دندریت - الزویر 2017

ABSTRACT

The contamination of water resources with inorganic and organic pollutants is the greatest challenge of the modern age. These contaminants pose serious health risks to the human health and wildlife. Different strategies have been developed for water remediation to make it clean and reusable, and to meet the increasing demands of fresh water. The adsorption technology is one of the famous strategies for water treatment. The significant efforts have been made over the years to develop highly selective and efficient adsorbent materials. Despite the great achievements, researchers are now focusing on developing the materials that are non-toxic, biocompatible, costeffective and efficient at the same time. Dendritic polymers are hyperbranched macromolecules with unique three-dimensional structures decorated with a huge number of reactive end groups. They are relatively cheap, less-toxic, easy to functionalize over other substrates and highly efficient. They have been widely employed as adsorbents for removal of inorganic and organic pollutants from water. In this review, we critically reviewed the applications of dendrimers and other dendritic polymers in water treatment, the mechanism of their interaction with target pollutants, the key parameters that affect their performance and finally the opportunities for their future potential in water treatment.

9. Conclusion

The performance of adsorption based removal depends on the nature and physicochemical properties of the adsorbent. Specific surface area and amount of functionalization are critical in determining the efficiency of a newly synthesized adsorbent. Dendrimers are an excellent addition to the world of adsorbents as they are hyperbranched macromolecules with unique three-dimensional structures and extensively functionalized with reactive end groups. They have high internal and external specific areas. Both surface and internal cavities can entrap and bind with target pollutants through a wide variety of interactions. They have shown extra-ordinary potential in water remediation. Dendrimers can be used alone or supported on different materials. They can be immobilized over the membranes in dynamic systems. Their performance is affected by dendrimer generation, solution pH, contact time, etc. Dendrimers can be tailored and fine-tuned as per nature of the target pollutants. They are relatively less-toxic and biocompatible which is a positive indicator for their future applications in water treatment and commercialization.