ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Methotrexate, a folic acid anti-metabolite, is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for many cancer types (leukaemia, lymphoma, osteosarcoma, head and neck tumours, lung cancer, breast cancer, etc.). Methotrexate is also used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, sarcoidosis, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis, disorders causing inflammation. However, the use of high-dose methotrexate (as in leukaemia) or prolonged use may result in hepatotoxicity that may lead to progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis1. Clinically, hepatotoxicity, which occurs in long-term use of methotrexate, remains one of the significant restrictions on its use in the doses desired2. Methotrexate inhibits the formation of tetrahydrofolate from folic acid. The inhibition of tetrahydrofolate formation is responsible for both the therapeutic and toxic effects of methotrexate3. Although these deleterious toxic effects of methotrexate can theoretically be reduced or prevented with the addition of folic acid to the treatment, there is as yet no consensus on the subject. On the contrary, there are studies showing that with the addition of folic acid, the therapeutic effectiveness of methotrexate decreases4. This indicates that the mechanism of action of methotrexate hepatotoxicity has not yet been fully explained5.