دانلود رایگان مقاله تعامل نوآوری استاندارد سازی بررسی ارتباط در کشور در حال توسعه

abstract

A growing body of literature recognizes the positive interplay between innovation and standardization. International organizations such as OECD and WTO also increase support for developing countries in building capabilities in innovation and standardization. Yet the relationship between innovation and standardization in developing countries, characterized by relatively weaker technological, economic and institutional capacities, remain under-researched. We review 63 articles extracted from the Web of Science database covering the innovation-standardization nexus in the context of developing countries. We discuss whether and how the relationship between innovation and standardization provides implications for the socioeconomic development in developing countries, and draw a conceptual model to understand the dynamics. Our result shows that standards facilitate innovation in three ways: innovation by scaling, proving and coordinating. While inducing and blocking mechanisms are at play, various stakeholders are involved in the relationship. Among them, the roles of the government and the technology/industry support organizations are highlighted, as they complement the relatively weak technological capabilities of other actors. In contrast to the existing literature on developed countries where standardization is depicted as a dynamic process to shape the innovation path, the current discussion on developing countries is skewed toward the adoption aspect of standards. We also suggest that there is a chasm between the goals of economic growth and those of social development.

6. Conclusion

This paper shows that in the current body of academic literature, the interplay of innovation and standardization in developing countries appears in multiple ways, revealing the economic as well as the broader social dimensions of the relationship. It contributes to expanding this emerging, interdisciplinary research frontier and identifying research gaps. From the perspective of development studies, further analysis on the interplay of innovation and standardization can be conducted to deepen the understanding on the capabilities of development (Chaminade et al., 2009). From the practice side, standardization can be a valuable instrument to scale up innovative pilots into a large scale deployment or to induce innovation as a solution to development targets. From the perspective of innovation and standardization studies, further research on the context of developing countries may shed light on the match and mismatch between innovation and market, and on whether and how innovation and standardization should embrace the emerging societal needs. As Blind (2013b) states, innovation is not only the engine of a country's competitiveness and growth in an economic sense; it is also “the key to solve big challenges for today's societies like climate change, scarcity of natural resources, (…), health and security”.