Limitations and avenues for future research
Our research provides theoretically and managerially relevant insights regarding the mediation and moderation effects for the relationship between perceived strength of brand origin and willingness to pay more. Simultaneously, some of the limitations of this research raise important questions that will require future research in order to be answered. First, approximately 70% of the respondents in both studies are US citizens, which may introduce bias to our results. For example, it may be argued that US citizens would naturally have a higher affinity toward US products, which could explain the stronger relationship between PSBO and brand love for Tiffany & Co. (b = .154, t = 4.01, p \.001), as compared to Cartier (b = .085, t = 2.24, p\.05). Further, the stronger effect for PSBO on brand love could also be due to a higher familiarity of US citizens with the American brand Tiffany & Co. (compare for the positive effect of brand familiarity on brand liking and preference Rindfleisch and Inman 1998). However, we argue that most of these potential biases should be largely attenuated in our research by explicitly controlling for affinity and brand familiarity.