دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی آموزش و فعالیت شیمی سبز در چین - الزویر 2018

Introduction

In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development first proposed the concept of “Sustainable Development” which was widely recognized by the international community. In this case, the emergence of green chemistry became a general trend in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering. Over the next three decades, there is a strong international commitment to green chemistry education [1-11]. Being influenced by the worldwide boom of “green chemistry”, the China Central Government became aware of the importance of green chemistry and considered the development of green chemistry as a major component and driving force of social development. In 1990, the “China Sustainable Development Strategy Report” was proposed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to reduce the destruction by the traditional extensive economy model to the ecological environment. Subsequently, the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) formally pointed out a “Scientific Outlook on Development”. In May 1997, the 72nd Xiangshan Science Conference [12] was held with the theme of “The Challenge of Sustainable Development to Science – Green Chemistry”, which was the first time the concept of green chemistry was pointed out in China. Since then, the development of green chemistry has achieved an explosive growth both in industry and academia. The rapid development of green chemistry can hardly happen without publicity, education, policy, etc. In this article, we aim to present the latest progress on green chemistry education and activities in China, according to the frameworks as summarized in Figure 1.

Perspectives

In this article, we have presented two models on green chemistry development in China, i.e. green chemistry education and green chemistry activities, respectively. The two models have given an overview on the status of green chemistry in academia, public, enterprises and government. Hopefully, this overview will be of use for researchers, practitioners, companies and regulators who try to become better oriented in this field, not least as future paths are decided. We would like to complete the article with a few words about different drivers and barriers for the implementation of green chemistry in China: The drivers can be divided into the following three categories: (1) policy pull, (2) market pull/public relations, and (3) science and technology push. Similarly, the barriers may be also divided in three categories: (1) knowledge/technological barriers, (2) culture/communication barriers, and (3) economic barriers. Green chemistry has been playing an important role in the sustainable development of China including efficient utilization of resources, environmental protection, renewable energy development, etc. Aiming at being a trustworthy and responsible country, China is taking an active part in the green chemistry movement. With policy support, green chemistry can be carried out more smoothly and practically in China. Predictably, the trends of green chemistry in China will mainly focus on three levels in the future. Firstly, it is the basis to enhance green chemistry thinking and philosophy in the public by popularizing green chemistry education from primary school to university, from students to public, from the developed areas to less-developed regions. In this process, the theories, methods and applications should be updated timely to fit the rapid development of green chemistry. Secondly, China’s total investment in basic green chemistry research such as the CO2 capture and utilization, efficient catalysis, biomass utilization, photoelectric translation, green synthetic reaction, etc. will grow rapidly in coming years since policy orientation is supportive. Finally, it is irresistible to facilitate the elimination of obsolete production capacities and overcapacities and to advance industry’s faster upgrading, especially in the pollution-intensive industries.