ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
INTRODUCTION
In pregnancy, potential effects of infections on both mother and fetus must be considered. Pregnant women are at increased risk of some infections due to physiologic changes of pregnancy. Infections may cause complications with the pregnancy, and some maternal infections are transmissible to the fetus. When determining treatment, potential effects on the fetus and the pregnancy must be taken into consideration including different effects by trimester. In this article, the authors discuss common infections that require special considerations in pregnancy, infections that can be vertically transmitted, and infections that can cause in utero and perinatal infection leading to birth defects (including the classic TORCH infections).
DISCUSSION
Some infections are highlighted in pregnancy due to having unique effects on the mother-child dyad. Research often lags or is lacking on the effects of diseases and medications in pregnancy. Research is constantly evaluating ways to decrease risk of vertical transmission. Some novel treatments such as direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C have not yet been studied in pregnancy and may provide new options. Infections, such as Zika virus, that can cause in utero infection are emerging and being recognized as causing congenital syndromes. As more infections are recognized and studied for their effects on pregnancy, we may find more answers to causes of syndromes that are currently poorly defined, such as cerebral palsy.