دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی از مهندسی به تکامل، رویکرد کلی شناسایی قابلیت انعطاف پذیری طراحی شهری تا سیل - الزویر 2018

Abstract

Resilient urban design has become an essential theme for cities to withstand the rapidly escalating natural and human-induced disasters, yet cities and their infrastructure are becoming vulnerable and more threatened as the flood protection measures are still following the same line of thinking of flood control structures. There is an urgent need for new approach for resilience steaming from the urban form itself, beyond the focus on construction-based infrastructure like dams, levees and or channelization. This paper is presenting an introductory sense of urban form resilience building on the resilience definition of maintaining the minimum functionality of a system and how this conception can systemically corresponds with resilience perspectives. The aim is to develop a measurable sense of urban design resilience. Hence, the paper carried out theoretical investigation into two complementary domains; the urban design and resilience thinking. Finding out the urban form most essential commodity and to which one of resilience perspectives it could possibly associate to achieve resilient urban form. The paper is aiming at establishing a common ground where the two domains can possibly congregate. It also suggests possible effective future approaches using the principles of ecological and evolutionary resilience.

11. Conclusions

This paper sheds light on the resilience value and its trajectories in urban design, moving from the descriptive approach on one side of the resilience continuum to the far end whereas more normative sense applied in order to identify the measurability of the term. This is accompanied with the general concern of turning resilience conception it into amorphous idea as there are so many definitions and descriptions for the term in various fields. A critical leap is required from the generality of the descriptive approach in addressing resilience to a more normative sense. Resilience need to be addressed clearly and individually in the designated system of interest.

The role of resilient ecological-urban design to flood is very much linked to the vital commodity of accessibility outlined in this paper. In the urban design discipline, access was found to be the critical commodity for city survivor. That’s because it is associated with flood consequences, identified earlier as; indirect losses and secondary impact, where the indirect losses are the cost of goods that will not be produced and services that will not be provided during and aftermath. Since important good and services in a time of crisis require access to be produced and provided, vital access between goods-services’ provider and potential vulnerable consumers will be of relevance. Connectivity and access can be maintained by physical interventions for people to access safety destination and for the surface runoff to gently flow towards natural downstream without disturbing the urban context with inundation.