دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی منابع انرژی و مبدل های DC-DC مورد استفاده در برنامه های وسایل نقلیه الکتریکی هیبریدی - الزویر 2018

abstract

With the drastic inclination towards reduction of atmospheric issues, hybrid electric vehicles are becoming the major alternative for internal combustion engine vehicles. Compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles are remarkable in terms of efficiency, durability and acceleration capability. However, the major drawback of hybrid electric vehicle is energy storage capability. An electric vehicle requires the energy sources with high specific power (W/kg) and high specific energy (Wh/kg) to reduce the charging time. Generally, fuel cells, batteries, ultracapacitors, flywheels and regenerative braking systems are used in hybrid electric vehicles as energy sources and energy storage devices. All these energy storage devices are connected to the different DC-DC converter topologies to increase the input source voltage. From the recent past, most of the hybrid electric vehicles are using multi-input converters to connect more than one energy source in order to improve the efficiency and reliability of the vehicle. This survey presents an assessment of present and future trend of energy storage devices and different multi-input DC-DC converter topologies that are being used in hybrid electric vehicles. In addition, different electric vehicle architectures are also discussed.

Conclusion

Hybrid Electric vehicle technology is a trending subject today due to its low emissions, less fuel consumption, low noise and low operating cost. This paper gives state-of-art overview of electric vehicle technology, the possible energy sources and the different multi-input converter topologies used HEV applications. Energy storage device is the major problem in all EVs. In recent years, there is a lot of advancement in energy storage devices which offers better promise in terms of power density and energy density. But none of these energy storage devices provides the required combination of all the following features: high energy density, high power density, low cost and long life. So the concept of combining energy sources (hybrid energy sources) is introduced to obtain the better features. This paper also briefly discusses about the different multiinput converter topologies used electric vehicles. In this paper the multi-input DC-DC converter topologies are divided into three groups such as electric, magnetic and electromagnetic coupled multi-input converters. Literature suggests that compared to electrical coupled and magnetically coupled multi-input converters the combined electromagnetic coupled multi-input converters offers high voltage gain. Hence, electromagnetic coupled multi-input converters are best option for electric vehicle applications. The use of multiinput converters in EV applications has reduced switching losses, reduced the cost of integration and increased the power security and reliability. Simultaneous utilization of two or more energy sources is possible. With a clear insight, the multi-input DC-DC converter can be a better choice if one has to integrate two or more energy sources to EVs.