دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی بهینه سازی سیستم تولید انرژی - نشریه الزویر

ABSTRACT

The ongoing energy crisis in Pakistan and the dependency on thermal electricity generation has contributed to the necessity to optimize energy production system. The expensive thermal electricity and inability to recover its cost gives unprecedented rise to the electricity tariffs. In this study, optimization of the energy production system has been performed using linear programing model. As the high cost of electricity generation has been found as the root cause of energy crises, the objective function of the proposed model is cost minimization that will also reduce the circular debt. Specifically, it has examined the optimum proportion of energy production from each available source under two different scenarios. The first scenario considers that the existing system should be used at its maximum capacity; in the second scenario, seventy percent utilization of power plants has been examined. The second scenario summarizes the optimum mix of energy production which minimizes the cost of electricity production. The differential cost that is payable by the government as a subsidy is also compensated. Similarly, it reduces circular debt that is a bottleneck between power generation companies and oil supply companies. Thus, the proposed model has a tendency to minimize the cost of energy production, and further reduce circular debt as well as the burden of a subsidy on the government. The study specifies the problems confronting Pakistan's energy sector and identifies the key elements of a potential policy response to address the country's severe power crisis.

4.1. Conclusion

This study has highlighted that the high cost of energy generation, circular debt and burden of subsidy are the root causes of energy crises in Pakistan. In addition, the study has indicated that there is direct relationship among cost of energy production and circular debt, whereas, the burden of subsidy is the main cause behind creation of circular debt. Therefore, to address the root causes of energy crises, the optimization of the energy production system has been performed using LP (linear programing) model. As the high cost of electricity generation has been found as the root cause of energy crises, the objective function of the proposed model is cost minimization. Two different scenarios have been developed and examined. The first scenario considers that the existing system should be used at its maximum capacity; in the second scenario, seventy percent utilization of power plants has been examined. The second scenario summarizes the optimum mix of energy production. The optimal mix of energy production minimizes the cost of electricity production to PKR 10.75 per unit (kWh). The differential cost PKR 3 per unit (kWh), that is payable by the government as a subsidy is also compensated. Similarly, it reduces circular debt that is a bottleneck between power generation companies and oil supply companies. Once the bottleneck has been bridged, the timely payments to energy generation units would be possible. So, oil based power plants can timely pay their bills and other power plants can improve their productivity with timely available funds. Finally, the availability of funds will improve efficiency of power plants that will raise the production level to minimize the load-shedding in the country.