سوالات استخدامی کارشناس بهداشت محیط با جواب
- مبلغ: ۸۴,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Three way catalysts (TWC) have become the widely adopted solution of the car industry to fulfil legislation concerning the emission of more toxic components of the gas exhaust pipe of engine car. The installation of TWC in a catalyst cartridge at the exit of the spark ignition engine considerably reduces the concentration of NOx , unburned hydrocarbon and CO [1–3]. Although TWC deteriorates under the tough conditions to which they are subjected (high temperatures and deposition of poisons) they have demonstrated their robustness to keep their efficiency after long time under running conditions (high mileage). However, the deactivation mechanisms is becoming a vivid topic of research [4–10] due to the fact that the legislation are becoming more stringent [11]. Consequently, the durability of the catalyst must be expanded if the increasingly low level of emissions must be fulfilled during the lifetime of the catalysts (more than 100 000 km). It is obvious that the understanding of the deactivation mechanisms is one of the key aspects in the achievement of more durable catalyst cartridges.