دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی جبران و توزیع سود برای پیکاپ سبز تعاونی و تحویل - الزویر 2018

abstract

Cooperation is a powerful strategy to achieve the objective of the green pickup and delivery problem (GPDP) that minimizes carbon emissions of pickup and delivery service. However, the cooperative GPDP may not be accepted by all the partners, as the cost of cooperative GPDP may be higher than that of the non-cooperative minimum cost PDP. Therefore, a reasonable compensation mechanism is desired to form an acceptable cooperative GPDP, and a fair method of profit distribution, based on the mechanism, is needed to stabilize the cooperation. In this paper, we analyze the situations in which a compensation is needed and develop the lower bound of the compensation. Further, we propose an exact method to calculate the actual compensation and the profit distribution based on cooperative game theory. The proposed exact method can efficiently solve the largest scale instance in Li & Lim benchmarks, i.e., pdptw1000-LR1_10_1 with 1,054 customers and 19,306 products. The proposed compensation and profit distribution mechanism based on cooperative game theory is also applied to a real-world GPDP and achieve satisfactory performance. Some interesting and important managerial insights are found and discussed.

7. Conclusions

In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive study on the cooperation strategy for GPDP. We first investigated the situations in which the compensation needs to be provided to form an acceptable cooperation. Then, we defined the compensation to form a cooperation and developed the lower bound of compensation. An exact method was proposed to calculate the compensation and to distribute the profit to a particular GPDP. Finally, we employed the largest benchmark PDP instance and a real-world PDP with the real-life data to validate the proposed method. Some interesting and important managerial insights were concluded. The cooperation strategy has been proved to be effective, especially for a GPDP with fewer products in the customers and more partner companies; further, compensation is required in only a few cooperative GPDP cases and limited compensation will achieve a significant carbon emissions reduction.

We have not considered the potential effects of the introduction of road charging schemes that may lead to strong economic incentives for cooperation. This issue will be investigated in our future work.