دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی علم طراحی شهروندی: یک استراتژی برای طراحی شهری جمع سپاری - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

The last decades in urban design research are characterised by a focus on technological aspects of cities which is commonly known as the smart city strategy. The concerns and interests of citizens are coming to the forefront nowadays with the awareness that a liveable city does not only consist of good infrastructure and sustainable energy supply but also citizen input and feedback. In this paper, we present Citizen Design Science as a new strategy for cities to integrate citizens' ideas and wishes in the urban planning process. The approach is to combine the opportunity of crowdsourcing opinions and thoughts by citizens through modern information and communication technology (ICT) with active design tools. The active design feedback from a city's inhabitants is identified as a yet missing but essential way towards a responsive city. We therefore propose a system to merge Citizen Science and Citizen Design, which requires a structured evaluation process to integrate Design Science methods for urban design. We show examples of existing approaches of Citizen Design Science and present the Quick Urban Analysis Kit (qua-kit) as an application of this methodology. The toolkit allows users to move geometries in given environments and provides the opportunity for non-experts to express their ideas for their neighbourhood or city.

5. Conclusion

This paper describes a new strategy of urban design with the purpose to overcome the technological perspective of current urban planning methods towards a participatory planning approach. The drawbacks of the participatory planning that we focus on are low representation and the cost-intensive process of face-to-face workshops. This work also addresses the missing option for creativity of many participation tools.

Online participation tools create the opportunity for a large number of people to simultaneously provide direct feedback without high expenditure. Active design in workshops with residents is the most common approach to overcome the limited creativity of participatory planning tools. Methods which combine these two solutions is what we designate as Citizen Design Science.

Harnessing the knowledge of the crowd is a typical Citizen Science method. The active designing in the co-design approach is what we call Citizen Design. The combination of these two fields require techniques from a third research area, namely Design Science. Since the direct communication with the designers is replaced by anonymous submissions of design proposals, it is necessary to access the tacit knowledge of people in a different way. Design Science is therefore obligatory to identify design criteria which are essential for designers in the specific use case.

Qua-kit is presented as an ICT tool which can be used for Citizen Design Science experiments. The tool allows crowd-creative participation on different urban scales, by arranging geometries in given scenarios.