دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی شکاف فرودگاه: آیا می توان مقررات را با رقابت هماهنگ کرد؟ شواهد از فرودگاه دوبلین - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Slot regulations have implications for airport efficiency and for competition in aviation; this paper analyses the relationship between slot regulation and aviation competition drawing on the experience of the application of the EU slot rules at Dublin airport. It concludes the best way to promote competition in aviation is to avoid choosing an administrative basis of slot allocation, especially when a new airport is being developed, opting instead for market-compatible mechanisms, whether slot trading or runway charges that are differentiated by scarcity value.

Lessons learned from the EU’s experience of slot rules

The European Union’s two-plus decades of administrative slot rules offer a number of lessons to jurisdictions reviewing slots policy, or preparing to build substantial airport capacity and considering how to deploy those expensive assets in an efficient manner. An EU-style system should be effective in certain respects. When capacity is scarce, it should reduce the cost of congestion provided this efficiency gain is not dissipated by allocating slots to less valuable services. Even when capacity is ample, a slots regime smoothes the flow of traffic. Moreover, at regulated airports with severe capacity constraints, a regulated charge will be below the marketclearing charge, so a slot regime is a way to reconcile demand with capacity. (Forsyth, 2008) 17. On the other hand, these considerations do not require that slot allocation be on an administrative non-price basis. As this paper has sought to show, the experience of the EU’s slot rules suggest the following four lessons. First, possible slot regimes need to be considered alongside capacity investment decisions. Pressure to introduce slot rules arises particularly when airport (or airspace) capacity falls behind demand. To the extent that capacity and demand can be aligned – adding capacity that users (airlines) are prepared to pay for – then slots should be allocated using market prices. The prices will give an incentive to use expensive infrastructure efficiently as well as indicating when capacity needs to be expanded. Second, the Irish experience shows that the transaction costs of applying slot rules can be underestimated, especially where disagreements about capacity allocation arise between airlines, or between airlines and airports.