دانلود رایگان مقاله شناسایی رفتارهای آنلاین در میان استفاده کنندگان قلیان و سیگار الکترونیکی

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social norms and attitudes towards ENDS and hookah and use of these products. Methods: We conducted surveys with hookah and ENDS users who regularly used the Internet and social media and analyzed the primary social media account (e.g. Facebook) of each participant, coding all references to nicotine or tobacco products. The survey included domains on perceived favorability, perceived vulnerability and subjective norms. Results: We surveyed 21 ENDS users and 20 hookah users. Both groups used the Internet to look up information about their respective tobacco product (95% for hookah vs. 90% for ENDS). Seventy percent of hookah users had references to hookah on their social media profiles while 43% of ENDS users had references to ENDS on their page. The majority of both groups were exposed to content posted by friends in their social media network about their respective products online. Those who posted on social media about hookah and those who read about ENDS online had lower perceived vulnerability to the health risks associated with tobacco products. Conclusions: Hookah and ENDS users actively use the Internet and social media to obtain and share information about nicotine/tobacco products. Study participants who use hookah were more likely to share photos and discuss hookah related activities via social media than those who use ENDS. Social networks also represent valuable and untapped potential resources for communicating with this group about risks and harm reduction related to emerging nicotine/tobacco products.

4. Discussion

Hookah and ENDS users actively use the Internet and social media to obtain and share information about hookah and ENDS. Based on the social media analysis and the interviews, the study participants who use hookah were more likely to share photos and discuss hookah related activities via social media than those who use ENDS. Hookah-related social media behavior was associated with low perceived vulnerability to tobacco related diseases, as well as high influence of social pressures. ENDS users strongly believed themselves to be at low risk for tobacco related diseases, a belief even stronger among those who tried an ENDS-product because of something that they had read on the Internet. Since those who posted hookah photos on social media believed themselves to have significantly lower vulnerability to disease than those who didn't, this suggests that hookah users may be influenced by the social norms enforced by photos on social media. Our data support the assertion that both hookah and ENDS users may be easily persuaded by information found on the Internet