دانلود ترجمه مقاله تاثیر عملکرد بالای شیوه های منابع انسانی بر کارآفرینی - نشریه الزویر

Presently, intense global competition highlights the importance of innovation, flexibility, responsiveness, and cooperation for long-term organizational success, especially for technology firms. The vitality provided by innovative and discretionary behaviors protects organizations in an ever-changing environment. In order to continue and develop, the technology industry depends on employees with expert knowledge and technological skills or capabilities. In the future, technology firms will become more dependent on employees who are willing to contribute to effective organizational functioning, regardless of their formal role requirements. Thus, employee extra-role behaviors, such as OCB, have become increasingly important and even crucial for the survival of these organizations. An important question for a technology enterprise is how best to implement human resource practices in order to promote corporate entrepreneurship (CE), to upgrade competitive capability, and thus to sustain long-term development. Compared with other industries, the biotechnology industry must place even greater emphasis on human resource practices. The biotechnology industry has many unique characteristics such as high technology, high investment, long time horizon, highly risky ventures and high potential benefit. Specifically, because the biotechnology industry involves a large amount of knowledge, high technology, and multi-disciplinary involvement, both product development and equipment deployment require a high investment. Furthermore, the process of the development of biological pharmaceutical products involves a great deal of uncertainty. Moreover, biotechnology enterprise's competitiveness hinges directly on the quantity and quality of output of its knowledge/technology employees. Therefore, focusing on the characteristics of knowledge/technology employees, implementing managerial strategy effectively, and making full use of knowledge/technology employees' creativity and potential capability have become the most important problems facing biotechnology enterprises.