دانلود رایگان مقاله رابطه انرژی آب جهت تعدیل تعادل بین تصمیم گیرندگان دو طرفه

Abstract

Energy-water nexus has substantially increased importance in the recent years. Synergistic approaches based on systems-analysis and mathematical models are critical for helping decision makers better understand the interrelationships and tradeoffs between energy and water. In energy-water nexus management, various decision makers with different goals and preferences, which are often conflicting, are involved. These decision makers may have different controlling power over the management objectives and the decisions. They make decisions sequentially from the upper level to the lower level, challenging decision making in energy-water nexus. In order to address such planning issues, a bi-level decision model is developed, which improves upon the existing studies by integration of bi-level programming into energy-water nexus management. The developed model represents a methodological contribution to the challenge of sequential decision-making in energy-water nexus through provision of an integrated modeling framework/tool. An interactive fuzzy optimization methodology is introduced to seek a satisfactory solution to meet the overall satisfaction of the two-level decision makers. The tradeoffs between the two-level decision makers in energy-water nexus management are effectively addressed and quantified. Application of the proposed model to a synthetic example problem has demonstrated its applicability in practical energy-water nexus management. Optimal solutions for electricity generation, fuel supply, water supply including groundwater, surface water and recycled water, capacity expansion of the power plants, and GHG emission control are generated. These analyses are capable of helping decision makers or stakeholders adjust their tolerances to make informed decisions to achieve the overall satisfaction of energy-water nexus management where bi-level sequential decision making process is involved.

5. Conclusions

A bi-level programming model called BEWM has been developed for supporting energy-water nexus management, where a sequential decision making process from top to down is supported. An interactive fuzzy approach is introduced to seek a satisfactory solution to meet the overall satisfaction of the two-level decision makers. Application of the BEWM model to a synthetic example problem has demonstrated its applicability in energy-water nexus management. The BEWM model is capable of effectively quantifying the tradeoffs between the two-level decision makers in energywater nexus management. Optimal solutions for electricity generation, fuel supply, water supply including groundwater, surface water and recycled water, capacity expansion of the power plants, and GHG emission control are generated. These analyses are capable of helping decision makers or stakeholders adjust their tolerances to make informed decisions to achieve the overall satisfaction of energy-water nexus management where bi-level sequential decision making is involved. The BEWM model is computationally efficient and can be easily applicable to large-scale energy-water nexus management problems involving bi-level decision making. In the future research, improvements can be conducted to include more site-specific information and data, more detailed quantification of energy-water interrelationships, more comprehensive environmental impacts assessment, renewable energy and electricity generation, and non-conventional water resources into the modeling framework. The proposed method can be extended to multi-level decision making problems involving more decision-making levels and decision makers.