ترجمه مقاله نقش ضروری ارتباطات 6G با چشم انداز صنعت 4.0
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
ترجمه مقاله پایداری توسعه شهری، تعدیل ساختار صنعتی و کارایی کاربری زمین
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
All dental structures are innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and common dental procedures can result in injury to one of the many branches of this nerve. These procedures, including the determination of local anesthesia,1 endodontic procedures (Fig. 1),2,3 suture placement, soft-tissue manipulation (Fig. 2),4 and third-molar extractions,5,6 can cause injury to branches of the trigeminal nerve. The nerve most commonly injured during dental procedures is the inferior alveolar nerve (64.4%), followed by the lingual nerve (28.8%).7 Injuries to these nerves are most often associated with dental anesthesia. In recent years, the great success of dental implants has led to wide acceptance of such treatment. However, nerve injury and neurosensory impairment can occur after implant placement, even after accurate evaluation and careful treatment (Fig. 3).5 A recent study found that 73% of dentists have reported that their patients have experienced neurosensory impairment after surgical implant procedures.4