دانلود رایگان مقاله در نظر گرفتن موارد اضطراری خدمات هنگامی که طیف تخصیص داده شده و معین است

ABSTRACT

Spectrum should be allocated among the various services which use it to maximise the aggregate incremental value (private and external) of those services minus the (nonspectrum) costs of supply. The external value of services such as broadcasting and mobile communications may be significant, yet we know that spectrum assignment by auction, for example, does not take them into account, because the successful bidder cannot monetise the value of the externality. The paper considers how this issue can be addressed. It notes that, if the spectrum assignment in question has no impact on the output of the services competing for it, value generated is unchanged, and the spectrum allocation problem reduces to the minimisation of the aggregate cost of non-spectrum inputs for the relevant services. In the more common case of variable outputs, some means of valuing external effects is needed, and possible approaches to valuation are discussed.

4. Discussion of the occurrence of the two cases

How do spectrum allocation decisions split between ‘constant output’ and variable output’ cases, and precisely how ‘fixed’ must outputs be to justify a cost-based only approach? We start by asking if there are any fully ‘constant output’ cases. At first sight, the requirement looks exceptionally stringent. Clearly outputs of spectrum-using services of all sorts are changing all the time, but here we are focussing solely on changes in output directly associated with spectrum re-allocations. Four types of spectrum re-allocation are distinguished below, differentiated by whether the spectrum-using service is a marketed service produced by a commercial firm or a (usually) non-marketed service produced by a public body: Commercial marketed service to commercial marketed service Many such re-allocations owe their origins precisely to increasing demand for one service, leading to the need for further spectrum, while the need for spectrum in another grows more slowly, either because of stagnant demand for the service, or because of greater technical efficiency of spectrum use