دانلود رایگان مقاله مشخصه ریسک خلبان خط هوایی صفات ظاهری

abstract

It has been assumed that the greater the number of flying hours, the better the pilot is at solving problems. The studies suggest, however, that this issue is more complex. What is important is not only a pilot’s experience but also their personality traits such as temperament, aggression, and risk-taking tendencies, which all influence how the pilot reacts under stress. After examining 112 pilots of passenger planes, we found that individuals characterized by a high need for stimulation seek situations, consciously or not, of excessive or unnecessary risk to achieve the right level of stimulation. In terms of their psychological characteristics, the study also revealed that some pilots are less predisposed to be airline pilots.

4. Discussion

Our research findings show that professional pilots of passenger planes do not form a homogeneous group. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify three subgroups of different constellations of the examined variables (temperament, aggression, and risk). The first group, called risk-avoiders, includes persons who report low levels of stimulating risk and high levels of strength of inhibition. The first attribute is typical of individuals who avoid situations that trigger high arousal. These persons are not interested in risky behaviors associated with pleasant feelings. They appreciate peace and security. They do not function well in highly stimulating conditions; in fact, they regard them as a source of fear or anxiety. Their high-level strength of inhibition is connected with their ability to conceal their emotions when desirable and to refrain from behaviors that are incompatible with social expectations. This trait is not dissimilar to behavioral self-control. Individuals included in this group are agreeable, conventional, conformist, and conscientious. They are not disposed to compete with others. Here we observed the lowest levels of all examined types of aggression. These individuals function well in low-stimulation situations. Their life experience suggests that any aviation-associated decisions should be made in peace and with no excessive haste. Coupled with conscientiousness and behavioral self-control, we argue that this provides an individual with optimal control over the situation, whether pre-flight preparations or the flight itself. We can say that these pilots are emotionally stable. Research studies on military pilots conducted by Biernacki et al. (2013) suggest that thanks to the impact of high self-control, high levels of inhibition, and high levels of excitation, pilots are able to maintain constant situational awareness during a flight.