دانلود رایگان مقاله میانجیگری والدین فعال و بازدارنده در طول زمان: اثر شایستگی خود نظارتی و تکانشگری جوانان

Abstract

This study investigates patterns of parental mediation on children's online activities and the effects of active and restrictive parental mediation on the self-regulatory competencies and impulsivity of youths with both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 14 primary and 14 secondary schools to participate in an online survey for 3 consecutive years. Students' age range from 8 to 11 years old in the first year. The sample size started with 3079 in the first year and ended with 1086 in the third year. The analyses revealed that child-reported measures of parental use of active and restrictive mediation decreased over the three years. Initial levels of active and restrictive mediation were found to share a positive correlation. A significant positive correlation was also found between the decreasing rates of change in active and restrictive mediation across the three years. Additionally, the results showed that higher active mediation practiced by parents at time point 1 is correlated with a quicker decrease of restrictive mediation across time. However, initial level of restrictive mediation practiced at time point 1 did not affect the rate of decrease in active mediation over time. Both active and restrictive mediation were found to be positively predictive of youths' online self-regulation and emotion regulation at time point 3 while negatively predictive of impulsivity levels. Results also showed that a slower decrease in both parental mediation strategies is associated with higher self-regulation and lower impulsivity at time point 3. Research implications are discussed.

5. Limitation and conclusion

The longitudinal data in the current study was solely based on self-reports from one source of informants and could benefit from more sources and methods of data collection. Triangulation with qualitative data from interviews and observations will be valuable for a clearer understanding of the parental mediation strategies. Additionally, practice effects are also present in longitudinal data. Students’ past experiences in the previous year may influence their responses in the test taken in the present year. However, the interval between the data collection points was around a year for this study, which may also diminish this effect. Despite these limitations, this study provides evidence with longitudinal data for the decline of active and restrictive mediation over time. Active and restrictive mediation are found to be practiced together when parents are involved in the monitoring of their youths' online behaviours. Additionally, these mediation strategies are found to be positively predictive of youths’ self-regulation and emotion regulation competencies, and negatively predictive of impulsivity; factors that are critical to reducing online risk and harm.