دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی بررسی حرکات اندام فوقانی در کودکان مبتلا به سندرم داون: بررسی سیستماتیک - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to perform a review of the literature on current quantitative clinical methods for the evaluation of upper limb movements in children and adolescents with Down syndrome, with a focus on describing the variables, protocols, motor function and motor control. Methods: A survey of PubMed, Scielo, BVS Bireme and PEDro databases using the following key words: upper limb and EMG and Down syndrome; upper limb and kinematics and Down syndrome; upper limb and motion analysis and Down syndrome; movement and upper limb and Down syndrome; upper limb and Down syndrome; reach and Down syndrome. Results: In all, 344 articles and five were selected to compose the present systematic review. No standardization was found among the studies analyzed with regard to data collection, data processing or procedures for the evaluation of the variables. Conclusion: A kinematic evaluation is effective for the discussion of the results, but methodological differences among the studies and inconsistent results exert a negative influence on clinical interpretations and the possibility of reproducibility. The standardization of an upper limb movement evaluation protocol using kinematic analysis is important, as it would provide the basis for comparable, reproducible results and facilitate the planning of treatment interventions.

4. Discussion

The analysis of the studies included in the present review demonstrates the predominance of the use of kinematics for the evaluation of the upper limb movement in children with DS. Other relevant studies not included in this review have also demonstrated the positive results of the kinematic analysis of upper limb movements in this population (Cioni, Cocilovo, Rossi, Paci, & Valle, 2001; Galli et al., 2007).

However, no standardization was found among the studies included in the present review with regard to data collection, data processing and evaluation procedures. The kinematic evaluation is effective for a discussion of the results, but we believe that the methodological differences and inconsistent results exert a negative impact on clinical interpretation and the possibility of reproducibility (Anastasia et al., 2012; Geerts, Einspieler, Dibiasi, Garzarolli, & Bos, 2003).

In the context of neurological disorders, the goal of therapy is to reduce the dependence individuals by providing greater functionality, which enables the performance of activities of daily living with greater efficiency and independence. Assessment tools and specific measures assist in the evaluation of aspects such as muscle strength, range of motion, dexterity, velocity and the efficacy of movements. Adequate treatment requires ample knowledge of all upper limb disorders. The clinical evaluation of the upper limbs combined with objective, quantitative measures can provide the necessary basis for the determination of the most adequate form of treatment. The clinical application of a three-dimensional upper limb movement protocol requires the establishment of a biomechanical model and a set of relevant tasks (Guimarães and Blascovi-Assis, 2012).