دانلود رایگان مقاله انگیزش معرفت شناختی و حفظ فرهنگ گروه: تاثیر نیاز به دریچه شناختی بر انتقال هنجارهای نسل سوم

abstract

The role of need for cognitive closure (NFCC, Kruglanski, 2004) in the transmission of a group norm is examined in three studies carried out in both experimental and natural settings. It was hypothesized that for persons high in NFCC a greater resistance to change is produced both via the urgency tendency of newcomers and the permanence tendency of old-timers; accordingly, groups composed of high need for closure individuals should exhibit greater cultural stability than groups composed of low NFCC. The first study investigated that hypothesis in a natural setting where young adults rated their health behavior and that of their parents. Consistent with our hypothesis, results of a moderated regression analysis showed that for participants high (vs. low) in dispositional NFCC the relation between parents’ and offspring behavior is stronger, implying normative continuity. The remaining two studies applied Jacobs and Campbell’s (1961) paradigm wherein group norms are induced and transmitted across generations of a laboratory microculture. In the first study, NFCC was induced by means of environmental noise whereas in the second study it was varied via group composition, consisting of participants with High vs. Low scores on the NFCC Scale. Results of both studies confirmed the hypothesis that cultures under high need for closure show a greater normative stability across generations. Moreover, the experimental studies clarify that the observed, need for closure based, stability was promoted by newcomers’ greater tendency to seize to the group norms in condition of high (versus low) NFCC.

Discussion

Results of our first study are consistent with the hypothesis that motivational orientation, and in particular need for closure, affect normative conformity within a family by enhancing the similarity between offspring’s and perceived parents’ health related behavior. Although these results are encouraging, the study’s use of perceptions of parental behavior as a proxy of actual behavior constitutes a serious limitation. Thus, it is possible that high need for cognitive closure participants simply perceive their parents’ behavior as more similar than their low need for closure counterparts without there being any actual similarity in their behaviors. To overcome this limitation, the following two studies examined actual behavioral conformity of newcomers to a group as a function of their need for closure.