دانلود رایگان مقاله ارزیابی دوز موثر اضافه شده به محصولات مصرف کننده با NORM با منبع پوست نقطه ای

abstract

The aim of this study is to develop the assessment technique of the effective dose by calculating the organ equivalent dose with a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and a computational human phantom for the naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) added consumer products. In this study, we suggests the method determining the MC source term based on the skin-point source enabling the convenient and conservative modeling of the various type of the products. To validate the skin-point source method, the organ equivalent doses were compared with that by the product modeling source of the realistic shape for the pillow, waist supporter, sleeping mattress etc. Our results show that according to the source location, the organ equivalent doses were observed as the similar tendency for both source determining methods, however, it was observed that the annual effective dose with the skin-point source was conservative than that with the modeling source with the maximum 3.3 times higher dose. With the assumption of the gamma energy of 1 MeV and product activity of 1 Bq g1 , the annual effective doses of the pillow, waist supporter and sleeping mattress with skin-point source was 3.09E-16 Sv Bq1 year1 , 1.45E-15 Sv Bq1 year1 , and 2,82E-16 Sv Bq1 year1 , respectively, while the product modeling source showed 9.22E-17 Sv Bq1 year1 , 9.29E-16 Sv Bq1 year1 , and 8.83E-17 Sv Bq1 year1 , respectively. In conclusion, it was demonstrated in this study that the skin-point source method could be employed to efficiently evaluate the annual effective dose due to the usage of the NORM added consumer products. & 2016 Els

4. Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of evaluating the effective dose by the usage of NORM added consumer products using Monte Carlo simulations and PSRK-man phantom. To assess the exposure dose, this study suggest “skin-point source” methods. The organ equivalent dose and the annual effective dose calculated by the skin-point source are mostly higher than those calculated by the modeling source, even though both models show similar tendency in the organ equivalent doses. The skin-point source could be effectively used in determining the annual effective dose for the various products by selecting the exposure scenario and the usage location of the product. Moreover, the pre-calculated database for the organ equivalent dose in whole the polygons with 0–2 MeV photons would enable the rapid assessment of the effective dose without additional Monte Carlo simulation demanding the advanced programming knowledge with radiation physics background. For the precise evaluation of the annual effective dose according to its original definition averaging the organ dose of male and female, additional study will be carried out with the female human phantom. This technique could be used not only for the safety regulation for the products containing NORM but also for the accurate and rapid evaluation of the effective dose for the radiation workers in the diverse radiation field.