دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اتصال قابلیت های میکروبی با خاک و سلامت گیاه: گزینه های پایدار کشاورزی - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Microorganisms are the key players in every agro-ecosystem. They are the natural inhabitants of all the soil and plant systems, in which they represent dominant presence in terms of their vast diversity and multipronged functional capabilities. Multifarious physical, chemical and biological factors usually represent good soil fertility status as a guaranty of sustainable agro-ecology, plant health and crop productivity. Since healthy soils are largely characterized by their profound biological and chemical behavior, microbial functionalities related to nutrient fixation, recycling, acquisition, sequestration, solubilization, mobilization, decomposition, degradation and remediation may act as definitive indicators. Functional capabilities of microbial communities associated with soils and plant parts have been critically identified and characterized in the past few decades. Application of individual microbes or their consortia in many crops established their role in finding out a supplement and/or substitute in the existing agricultural practices which are largely dependent on synthetic chemical inputs in present time. We are presenting here a detailed account of microbial community functions, their relation with the soil and plant health and the potential indicative roles they play to establish a sustainable soil ecological environment for supporting crop growth, development and yield in long term.

6. Conclusion

Many of the microbial functionalities relate to nutrient availability, accessibility, acquisition, recycling and remediation in the soils, hence the presence of dominant communities may be linked with the prominent indicators for characteristic ecosystem functions of the soils. Studies on habitat-specific functional microbial communities as prominent indicators raise hope for developing region or agro-climatic zone-specific microbial inoculants for successful implications in the agriculture and environment. Enhanced applications of microbial inoculants (biofertilizers, biofungicides, biopesticides, bioremediators, biodegraders, microbe-based decomposers) as a supplement to reduce dependency of farmers on chemical farm inputs can promote the scope of integrated nutrient and pest management practices for sustainable agriculture. This can help in designing nutrient doses, practices on nutrient use efficiency and amendments in Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) strategies for better crops. Understanding microbial behavior, their habitats and functions is also important for preparative prevention of disturbed management caused due to abiotic, agronomic and disease conditions before any non-repairable damage in the agroecosystem. Coupling the applications of high throughput polyphasic microbial identification and trait characterization with the metaomics approaches can generate deeper understanding on microbial communities characteristics, functions, interactions, signaling and communication processes in the soils and with the plants to offer real time diagnostics for sustainably maintaining soil health for better crops in a more sustainable manner.