دانلود ترجمه مقاله نقش الگوهای شناختی در پیدایش استرس و اضطراب بر اساس جنسیت - مجله الزویر

۲ ۱ فرضیه و طراحی
۲ ۲ شرکت کنندگان
۲ ۳ ابزارها
۲ ۴ پردازش و تفسیر داده ها

۳ نتیجه گیری

Cognitive schemas are deep cognitive structures which store the individual’s knowledge and experience in a certain field and they are determined genetically. These schemas present what each individual knows about himself, about the others and about the world in general. The schemas are functional mechanisms which help storing and processing the information. Cognitive schemas may be general or limited, flexible or rigid, active or latent. Malfunctions of the schemas come from their rigid, exclusivist and absolutist character. In this regard, cognitivepsychologists distinguish two types of beliefs and assumptions, which Beck doesn't seem to differentiate clearly enough (Blackburn, Jones & Lewin, 1986). More precisely, Beck, Freeman, & Associates (1990) explain them in two ways: conditional beliefs, expressed in the form of "if...then" ("If I don't work hard enough to do what the others like me to do, they won't love me"), unconditional beliefs, which are categorically and rigorously defined to resemble categorical imperatives ("I'm not good enough to be loved".) On the other hand, Young (1990) provided the cognitive schema a similar term with the one given by Beck Freeman, & Associates (1990). In his perception, the schemas represent organized structures which are the result of past experiences and reactions; they also form a coherent set of knowledge which can guide the way of perception of reality. The child thus identifies selectively and internalizes his thoughts, feelings, experiences and the parents’ behaviour. Early maladaptive schemas are deep structures made up in childhood which help the interpretation of future experiences (Young, 2000).