دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ارتباط بین منفی بودن عدم انطباق و حجم مغز مبتنی بر وکسل در اسکیزوفرنی - الزویر 2018

abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between mismatch negativity (MMN) and volumes of several brain regions measured using a semi-automated method in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods: MMN in response to duration deviants and magnetic resonance imaging were acquired from 36 schizophrenia patients and 14 healthy controls. FreeSurfer was used for volumetric analysis. MMN amplitudes, brain volumes and their association were compared between schizophrenia and controls. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the correlated variables of MMN. Results: MMN amplitude was significantly lower in the schizophrenia group. In schizophrenia, MMN was positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with left hippocampal and right pars opercularis volumes. The association between left hippocampal volume and MMN in schizophrenia remained significant after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions: Smaller hippocampal volume may play a role in the abnormal manifestation of MMN in schizophrenia. Significance: The significant association between MMN and left hippocampal volume may suggest unique neurobiological contribution of hippocampus in auditory processing in schizophrenia.

Discussion

There are three major findings in this study: (1) MMN and left hippocampal volume were significantly different in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls; (2) MMN was significantly correlated with left hippocampus and right pars opercularis volumes, and with age in schizophrenia; and (3) left hippocampal volume remained significantly correlated with MMN in schizophrenia after accounting for potential confounding variables. Studies exploring gray matter volume in schizophrenia patients using region of interest (ROI) measurement (Tamnes et al. 2013) or voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have found smaller volumes in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, corpus callosum and thalamic and caudate nucleus, and larger volumes in the lateral ventricle and third ventricle (Lawrie and Abukmeil, 1998; Niu et al., 2004; Ellison-Wright et al., 2008; Fornito et al., 2009; Collinson et al., 2014). In the present study, schizophrenia patients were found to have smaller left hippocampus and left pars triangularis using semi-automated processing software, finding that is consistent with previous reports derived from ROI and VBM (Wright et al., 2000; Iwashiro et al., 2012). With regard to MMN amplitude, concordant with previous literature, a significant MMN deficiency for duration deviants was found in schizophrenia compared to the controls (Umbricht and Krljes, 2005; Nagai et al., 2013a; Solis-Vivanco et al., 2014). In addition, significant correlations between MMN and volumes of hippocampus and frontal lobe were observed in schizophrenia, corroborating with findings in previous studies (Salisbury et al., 2007; Rasser et al., 2011). Because MMN elicitation depends on discrimination between deviant stimuli and the memory representation of the preceding typical stimuli (Naatanen et al., 2005, 2007), a possible explanation for the divergent patterns of the MMN-brain volume correlation in schizophrenia is the altered functional connectivity associated with auditory processing (Liemburg et al., 2012; Oertel-Knochel et al., 2013). However, a direct investigation of the mechanism underlying observed correlation was beyond the scope of current study.